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ATENT FREDERICK MILLS AND CLARENCE H. KNIGHT, OF BOSTON, MASS.

BOOK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 289,434, dated December4, 1883.

Application filed June 21, 1883. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, FEEDERIcK Mum andCLARENCE H. KNIGHT, both of Boston, county of Suffolk, and State ofMassachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Books, of which thefollowing description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, isa specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention has for itsobject to improve the construction of books,and especially in the method of holding the book and attaching the bookto the cover.

Our invention consists, essentially, in a book having attached to it, ator near one edge on opposite sides, longitudinal cleats, preferablyinclosed in a textile or other strong binding, combined with atrough-like metallic backing to grasp and hold the cleated back of thebook against other movement than in the direction of the length of thesaid back, and having prongs or points which are clinched to the coverof the book, to thus secure it to the book, substantially as hereinafterspecifically described and claimed.

Figure 1' represents a section of a book and cover embodying ourinvention, the section being on the dotted line 00 a", Fig. 2. Fig. 2isa plan view of one of the said books with the cover, back, and bindingpartially broken out; and Fig. 3 shows the metallic back in perspective.

The book a, composed of a series of leaves or sheets of paper, eitherplain or printed, has one of its side edges coated or covered with pasteor glue, and upon and near the edges of the upper and under sheets ofthe said book we have applied two cleats, b' c, composed of thick paper,pastebpard, wood,- or suitable material to form ribs. (Shown in black,Fig. 1.) The pasted edge and cleats are all enveloped or covered by abinding, ,d,

preferably of cloth. The cover e, of usual ma terial or shape, hasasuitable metallic troughlike back or holder, f, clinched or riveted toit, the metal back or holder being herein shown as provided with prongsor sharp points 9, struck back fromit and adapted to penetrate thecentral part of the cover at 6 Fig. 2 of the drawings showsthe saidprongs or points bent over or clinched to the outside of the cover. Thetrough-like back or holder is of dovetail shape in cross-section, asshown in Fig. 2, it being narrowest at its mouth, and the edge of thebook, with its added cleats b c, is inserted into the said back orholder at one end and slid into place, so that the book has the properposition with relation to the cover, and so that it cannot be removed bystrain exerted thereon at right angles to the longitudinal center of thesaid back. The cleats b c aid in forming a rib or thick head, which isgrasped by the metallic back, thus retaining the same in place againstother movement than in the direction of the length of the said back, andobviate the necessity of forming a thick edge on the book by theemployment of great pressure, as now-generally practiced, to form a headwith depressions, into which the inturned edges of the metal back areentered to retain the book in place.

e do not broadly claim a book having one edge shaped to enter and beretained by a metallic back, as we know that to,be old;- butwe are notaware that a book has ever had one of its edges provided withindependenhcleatsitb form ribs to co-operate with a metallic back.

1. A book, provided with independent cleats bc, applied thereto onopposite sides of one end, combined with a metallic back, f,

adapted to engage and hold the cleated edge of the said book wheninserted therein, substantially as described.

2. The book a, the independent cleats ap plied to it on opposite sidesnear the edge, and the binding d,app1ied to the said cleated edge,combined with the metallic backing f, to grasp and hold the cleated backof the book against other movement than in the direction of the lengthof the said back, and having prongs or points which are clinched to thecover of the book, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FREDERICK MILLS. CLARENCE KNIGHT.

'Witnesses:

W. H. SIGSTON, Jos. P. LIVERMORE.

